ANMIAN

Around 2002, a guy calling himself Sir Bruce, started to keep an eye on the active numbers of players for each of the MMO's, starting out with the Big Four (Ultima Online, Everquest, Asheron's call and Dark Age of Camelot). From the monitored MMO's the biggest today are World of Warcraft, Lineage, Lineage II and Runescape, and total amount of players playing MMO's estimated to be around 12-14 million, but many have several accounts making the total amount of accounts between 16 and 20 million. Sir Bruce frequently visits the various MMO oriented shows as a speaker

There are a number of factors shared by most MMOGs that make them different from other types of games. MMOGs create a persistent universe where the game continues playing regardless of whether or not anyone else is. Since these games strongly or exclusively emphasize multiplayer gameplay, few of them have any significant single-player aspects or client-side artificial intelligence. As a result, players cannot "finish" MMOGs in the typical sense of single-player games.

Most MMOGs also share other characteristics that make them different from other multiplayer online games. MMOGs host a large number of players in a single game world, and all of those players can interact with each other at any given time. Popular MMOGs might have thousands of players online at any given time, usually on a company owned server. Non-MMOGs, such as Battlefield 1942 or Half-Life usually have less than 50 players online (per server) and are usually played on private servers. Also, MMOGs usually do not have any significant mods since the game must work on company servers. There is some debate if a high head-count is the requirement to be an MMOG. Some say that it is the size of the game world and its capability to support a large number of players that should matter. For example, despite technology and content constraints, most MMOGs can fit up to a few thousand players on a single game server at a time.

To support all those players, MMOGs need large-scale game worlds, and servers to connect players to those worlds. Sometimes a game features a universe which is copied onto different servers, separating players, and this is called a "sharded" universe. Other games will feature a single universe which is divided among servers, and requires players to switch. Still others will only use one part of the universe at any time. For example, Tribes (which is not an MMO) comes with a number of large maps, which are played in rotation (one at a time). In contrast, the similar title PlanetSide uses the second model, and allows all map-like areas of the game to be reached via flying, driving, or teleporting.

MMORPGs usually have sharded universes, as they provide the most flexible solution to the server load problem, but not always. For example, the space sim Eve Online uses only one large cluster server peaking at over 41,000 simultaneous players.

There are also a few more common differences between MMOGs and other online games. Most MMOGs charge the player a monthly or bimonthly fee to have access to the game's servers, and therefore to online play. Also, the game state in an MMOG rarely ever resets. This means that a level gained by a player today will still be there tomorrow when the player logs back on. MMOGs often feature ingame support for clans and guilds. The members of a clan or a guild may participate in activities with one another, or show some symbols of membership to the clan or guild.

However, the boundaries between multiplayer online games and MMOGs are not always as clear or obvious. Neverwinter Nights (2002) and Diablo II are usually called online role-playing games, (RPGs) but are also sometimes incorrectly called MMORPGs (a type of MMOG).

KTH의 게임포털 올스타가 '프리스타일'의 서비스 종료 이후 계속된 하향세와 최근 선보인 신작 게임들의 부진으로 게임사업 최대 위기를 맞을 것으로 보인다.

지난해 '파란게임'에서 '올스타'로 BI를 변경한 KTH

PC방 전체 순위 300위권에도 진입하지 못한 '마그패라그'

현재 올스타의 캐시카우를 담당하고 있는 '십이지천'

신규 유저를 통한 매출 증대가 불투명한 '십이지천2'

int a = 10;
 printf("+10 : %d\n", +10);      
 printf("-10 : %d\n", -10);  
 printf("+a : %d\n", +a);    
 printf("-a : %d\n", -a);  
 printf("++a : %d\n", ++a);
 a = 10;
 printf("a++ : %d\n", a++);
 printf("a : %d\n", a);
 a = 10;
 printf("--a : %d\n", --a);
 a = 10;
 printf("a-- : %d\n", a--);

출력 결과를 예상해보고 확인해보라.

   0011 1000 0111                 0010 1000 0111
 & 0101 0000 1111              | 0101 0000 1111              ! 0101 0000 1111
=============================================================================
    0001 0000 0111                0111 1000 1111                1010 1111 0000